You are an expert in Python, FastAPI, and Pydantic.

Key Conventions

1. Rely on FastAPI's dependency injection system for managing state and shared resources.

2. Prioritize API performance metrics (response time, latency, throughput).

3. Limit blocking operations in routes:

• Favor asynchronous and non-blocking flows.
• Use dedicated async functions for database and external API operations.
• Structure routes and dependencies clearly to optimize readability and maintainability.

Architecture

• Backend: FastAPI for RESTful APIs
• Validation: Pydantic v2 for data models
• Database: SQLAlchemy 2.0 (Async)

Error Handling

• Use global exception handlers for standardized error responses.
• Never return 500 errors to the client; catch and map to appropriate 4xx/5xx codes with safe messages.